Should have thought of him sooner. Much sooner.
I was talking to a pioneer, looking for a comment on today’s running technology.
I distinctly remember being grateful for Gookinaid, she offered.
And the moment she said that, I realized I had forgotten about Bill Gookin.
An article titled “Fatigue, Dehydration and Activity Drinks” appeared in the Fall 1978 edition of Running, the Magazine for Thinking Runners. For goodness sake. I am such a knucklehead.
Many athletes lose one to two liters of sweat per hour during exertion and as much as four liters per hour in high humidity and heat with heavy clothing, Bill wrote. And he was off. Recent studies in which subjects were exercised to exhaustion show that the potassium loss triggers the onset of exhaustion. Glucose, not sucrose, for your drinks. Avoid hypotonic.
Still don’t understand it all, but I trusted this ‘mad scientist.’ Bill was a proselytizer, not a salesman.
He ended his discussion with these paragraphs.
Compare these data and your own observations with the advertising and package information for the activity drinks which claim to be isotonic.
In the final analysis, the effectiveness of an activity drink must be evaluated by the individual using it. Understanding what the body actually needs, what is really happening within the body, and what each drink contains should assist in this evaluation.
Bill sent a sample case of Gookinaid for me to try.
Hadn’t quite perfected the taste just yet. In my mind.
To be honest, thought it could use more sucrose.
The official obituary
William Eldon Bill’ Gookin September 22, 1932 – January 28, 2019
San Diego William Eldon “Bill” Gookin passed away peacefully on January 28, 2019. Bill impacted the San Diego community through his leadership in running and orienteering, chemistry inventions and as an inspirational science teacher. Bill was born on September 22, 1932 and spent his childhood on his grandfather’s ranch in Montana, in Colorado, and in Oceanside, CA.
By the time he attended Carlsbad High School, Bill was a top track runner and he continued to excel on the Track and Field and Cross Country teams at San Diego State University where he was one of the fastest two-milers in the nation. After finishing college Bill joined some of his teammates in forming the San Diego Track and Field Association which eventually became the San Diego Track Club. He served as club president many times and established the first long distance running events in San Diego including the Balboa 8 Mile and the Mission Bay Marathon, amongst others.
The San Diego Indoor Games was a global event, featuring Olympians from around the world, including the Soviet Union. Bill directed some of the first running events that allowed women entrants. A jack of all trades, Bill designed the club logos and created the first team uniforms. He was famous for working all night to set up a race course and then jumping in to win the race the next morning.
In the early 1970s some Marines at Camp Pendleton introduced Bill to the Scandinavian sport of orienteering where competitors use a map and compass to race around mountainous terrain. Bill was fascinated by this sport which involved geography, mathematics, analysis and running. He soon formed the San Diego Orienteering Club and began drawing maps, putting on local orienteering meets and competing internationally.
Bill majored in Chemistry at SDSU and his chemistry expertise led him in several directions. While serving in the Army he taught at the Chemical Corps school in Alabama. When he returned to San Diego his first job was developing kelp-based foods at Kelco, but he soon found his métier teaching sciences. He rounded out his science knowledge with a master’s degree from the University of Colorado on a National Science Foundation scholarship. His hands-on approach to teaching and numerous field trips inspired students for over 50 years at many schools including Montgomery Junior High School, La Jolla High School, Crawford High School, Clairemont High School and La Jolla High School.
Chemistry always intrigued Bill and he loved to experiment. His first successful chemistry inventions were kelp-based foods he created while working at Kelco such as instant lemon pie filling. The passions for chemistry and running intersected when Bill devised the ideal beverage for marathoners and other top flight athletes. After subjecting his running buddies to tests and early prototypes, he came up with Gookinaid, an isotonic energy replacement drink.
Gookinaid was widely used by the running community under the brand name ERG and is now marketed as Vitalyte. Vitalyte is used by the US Army, mountaineers, and rescue workers as well as divers, runners, tennis players and other sports.
Bill Gookin Dies at 86; Track Club Founder, Teacher Famed for Sports Drink
by Ken Stone Times of San Diego. February 1, 2019
On Aug. 18, 1968, San Diego’s Bill Gookin joined about 100 other runners for the Olympic Trials marathon in Alamosa, Colorado — elevation 7,543 feet.
Three dozen dropped out, some felled by a green sports drink designed for beefy football players — Gatorade.
“At the first aid station, I drank a cup of it and got sick,” Gookin would recall. “There were green puddles on the road where others had the same problem.”
That experience led Gookin, a San Diego State-trained biochemist, to study athletes’ sweat and create his own specialty drink — Gookinaid.
Gookin died Monday at a San Carlos hospice after several years battling Alzheimer’s disease, his family said.
He was 86.
“In the beginning of road racing. In the beginning of San Diego running. In the beginning of the San Diego Track Club. In the beginning of sports drinks … was Bill Gookin and Gookinaid,” wrote Tracy Sundlun, the former marathon executive.
Sundlun said Gookin may never get the credit he deserves.
“We get to road race today, and we get to do it in relative safety, because of Bill and his pioneering vision and efforts,” he wrote Friday. “May you run in Heaven, my friend.”
The founding member of the San Diego Track Club in the mid-1950s, early organizer of the Balboa Park 8 Miler and West Coast pioneer of the sport of orienteering was being mourned by many this week — including students from decades teaching science in San Diego city schools.
Paul Greer, SDTC coach since 1985, recalled Gookin’s efforts building the iconic Balboa Park cross country race held every August.
“In the early years,” Greer said, “Bill obtained the permit, set up the course, personally would win the event and then tabulate the results and present the awards all by himself.”
He hailed Gookin — recipient in 2016 of his club’s Lifetime Service Award — as a true legend in the San Diego running community who will “always have a lasting legacy in San Diego endurance sports.”
Carl Brandt, the former Movin Shoes owner, recalls how he helped prepare Mission Bay Marathon results in Gookin’s garage in January 1978 — only two months after moving here from Wisconsin.
Gookin had already become a local legend, who had trained with 1964 Olympic champion Billy Mills.
“I helped Bill at the New York Marathon in the early/mid 80s when his drink was still used on the course,” Brandt said. “It’s how I met Billy Mills, [marathon greats] Rob de Castella, Grete Waitz and other notables. People from all over consulted with him about hydration and … event nutrition.”
Gookin was an “extremely good fellow willing to help everyone,” he said.
At the 1968 Alamosa race, at age 35, Gookin spent the 10 miles after his Gatorade gulp “bent over double” with stomach cramps, finishing 32nd in 2:57:11, he wrote.
But in 1969, he took sixth in the U.S. Marathon Championships thanks to a late infusion of Gookinaid, “running the last six miles faster than the winner!”
And in 1971 he won the Santa Barbara Marathon in a near personal best 2 hours, 29 minutes, 33 seconds — at age 39.
By then, his first wife, Donna, had become a lifeline — hydrating Bill with Gookinaid in races and training runs.
When he was working on Gookinaid, Donna said Friday, she would hand him drinks at intervals from a car.
Eventually, she decided it would be easier to run instead of “jumping out of the car every mile and a half,” she said in a phone interview. She’d later become a pioneering distance-running champion in her own right.
“He had a lot of lady friends. One of them was Bobbi Gibb — the very first woman marathoner” (and first female Boston Marathon finisher) said his wife of 26 years (before a second marriage to Bill’s brother Edwin, 33 years strong.)
Gookin’s daughter Debra of San Diego said he went on 20-mile Sunday runs with some highly educated friends, including a doctor and physiologist.
”So they started analyzing their sweat,” Debra Gookin said. “And since he’s a chemist, they’d discuss it. And he kind of made up a batch of something, and they tried that.”
Debra recalled weighing the mixture and filling plastic baggies. Later, they used foil packets with a stick figure of a runner on the front (drawn by Gookin himself).
“And then we’d iron them shut (along with sister Karin and brother Mark) with a regular iron,” she said.
Originally meant for his friends, the ready-to-mix drink began to ship around the country to hundreds of stores, especially REI.
The product’s name evolved to Gookinaid E.R.G. (for electrolyte replacement with glucose) and HYDRraLYTE before its current incarnation of Vitalyte (with the same recipe).
Gookin sold his Mira Mesa business in April 1981 to Courtesy Coffee Co., a subsidiary of Merchandise Leasing Co. Inc. of St. Louis.
“But then he was super unhappy because they weren’t really marketing it to the right people,” she said. “He ended up buying it back from them. Then he kept it going for quite a while before Evan came along.”
Evan was Evan Lucas, now COO of Vitalyte Sports Nutrition.
But as a 23-year-old window cleaner three decades ago, Lucas took a job with Gookin when he learned of a vacancy.
“I went for an interview and Bill hired me,” Lucas said Friday. “And I’ve been there ever since. … I just owe so much to him.”
Lucas recalls his first Gookinaid job as mixing the product in a 5-gallon “drum barrel” and filling little Cool Whip tubs. Eventually, Lucas streamlined production, putting the mix into jars with an induction seal.
“Now we’re sold in resealable stand-up pouches and stick packs” (the biggest retailer being the REI chain), he said from his home in Escondido.
Lucas said the owners of Gatorade are “pretty much marketing geniuses,” but thinks Gookin formulated a superior product.
“His main focus was helping himself and basically spreading the word. And helping others,” Lucas said. “He just [was really excited] when someone would call him and say it helped them get out of the Grand Canyon or in some search-and-rescue mission.”
In fact, Gookin wrote on his site that medical relief teams in Rwanda and Bangladesh reported that a thousand refugees suffering from cholera and dysentery owed their lives to Gookinaid.
“It was things like this that … Bill really cared about,” Lucas said. “It was never about making money. Or being the next Gatorade.”
William Eldon “Bill” Gookin was born Sept. 22, 1932, in Croydon, Iowa, and spent his childhood on his grandfather’s ranch in Montana, in Colorado and in Oceanside, said an obituary prepared by Debra Gookin.
“By the time he attended Carlsbad High School, Bill was a top track runner and he continued to excel … at San Diego State [College] where he was one of the fastest two-milers in the nation,” she wrote.
After college Gookin joined some teammates to form the San Diego Track and Field Association, later named the San Diego Track Club.
He served as club president many times and established the first long-distance running events in San Diego, including the Balboa Park 8 Miler and the Mission Bay Marathon.
He helped organize the 1972 San Diego Indoor Games, featuring Olympians from around the world, including the Soviet Union.
“Bill directed some of the first running events that allowed women entrants,” she said.
(In 1970*, said a SDTC history, Gookin eluded rules barring women from running with men by creating a separate Women’s Southern California Marathon “that just happened to take place on the same course, same day and same time as the Mission Bay race.” A dozen women ran.)
“A jack of all trades, Bill designed the club logos and created the first team uniforms,” Debra wrote. “He was famous for working all night to set up a race course and then jumping in to win the race the next morning.”
In the early 1970s, Camp Pendleton Marines introduced Gookin to the Scandinavian sport of orienteering — where competitors use a map and compass to race around mountainous terrain.
He formed the San Diego Orienteering Club and began drawing maps, putting on local meets and competing internationally.
Bill majored in chemistry at SDSU, met his future wife, Donna, and while serving in the Army taught at the Chemical Corps school at Alabama’s Fort McClellan.
Back in San Diego, his first job was developing kelp-based foods at Kelco. But he soon returned to teaching.
His daughter says he earned a master’s degree from the University of Colorado on a National Science Foundation scholarship.
“His hands-on approach to teaching and numerous field trips inspired students for over 50 years at many schools including Montgomery Junior High School, La Jolla High School, Crawford High School and Clairemont High School,” she wrote.
Debra recalls her father pointing out stars in the sky and naming the constellations.
“(He) explained things around us, like when we’d go hiking in the woods,” she said. “What kind of trees they were.”
The same enthusiasm engaged his natural science students.
“I’d meet people all the time that remember vividly things they were exposed to through him, because he made it so personal,” daughter Debra said.
Gookin spent most of his teaching years at Montgomery Junior High (now Middle STEAM Magnet School) in Linda Vista. But he also taught summer school oceanography in conjunction with Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
“These high school students would … go out on an oceanographic research vessel for a day, collect samples and do all kinds of stuff,” she said. “Way beyond the normal classroom.”
He was an “over-the-top” kind of father as well, said Debra, 61.
“Like I was supposed to talk about a state in the United States,” she said. “I did it on Hawaii. So he built a topographic model of Hawaii, complete with erupting volcanoes.”
Debra Gookin went on to study at her parents’ alma mater, SDSU. She retired a few years ago as a physicist for the Navy, working at SPAWAR Systems in Point Loma.
“Now I run projects for Rotary [International],” she said. “I have a water-filtration project in Fiji.”
Donna Gookin says Bill, the son of a carpenter, made beautiful woodwork, including bookcases and a sofa still in her Del Cerro home.
“And when he was in the Army, he used the equipment to make things for his mother,” she said.
After his 1983 divorce from Donna, Gookin had a brief marriage that produced his youngest daughter, Jo Christine Childs.
Childs, 26, recalls tagging along to set up aid stations for the La Jolla Half Marathon and traveling all over the United States for his orienteering races.
“I was Vitalyte’s unofficial youngest employee because as long as I can remember I would spend days in the Vitalyte booth at races and parrot the sales pitch to anyone who would listen,” she said Saturday.
Although Gookin was known most for his fluid-replacement drink and impact on the running community, Childs says if you asked him he would have said that above all else he was a teacher.
“He loved showing people new things, even if it was just pointing out an interesting rock formation and telling you all about the lava flow that formed it and the type of rock,” she said.
He taught until very late in life, including chemistry for a midwifery class at San Diego Mesa College as recently as 2012.
“I never really knew my dad as a runner because his knees were pretty worn out by the time I came around, but that didn’t stop him from being active,” Childs said. “My dad continued to orienteer until the day Alzheimer’s made him unable to read a map.”
In 2017, 2 1/2 years after being diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, Gookin walked Childs down the aisle and danced with her at her wedding.
“Every time I saw him after that, he would recall how happy he was that day, until the day he could no longer communicate,” she said.
Donna Gookin visited her former husband in his nursing home in recent months, encouraging him to exercise his legs. He stayed in a wheelchair.
Despite his dementia, he sometimes had moments of lucidity, Donna said.
“When we gave him Gookinaid, he’d kind of perk up and be all right,” she said. “But then he gave me that look: ‘I won’t be able to walk and run. And no use saying it.’ After that, he just wouldn’t eat or drink.”
On Facebook, Debra Gookin said: “During his last hours, he was breathing hard and intently, (reminding) me of when he was heading toward the finish line in a hotly contested race.”
Gookin is survived by his brother, Edwin Gookin, and his children, Jo Childs and Debra Gookin of San Diego, Mark Gookin of Reno, Nevada, and Karin Didisse of McCall, Idaho.
Chess at a Run: Orienteering Orientation
Gookin-aide inventor turns from marathons to following maps
By Jeanne Schinto. Nov. 9, 2000
Too many marathons wore out the knees of this personage from the earliest days of the country’s long distance running craze. “So I don’t run the roads much anymore,” says Bill Gookin, who began running “for fun” at age 12 in 1954. “I’ll run on the beach, especially Torrey Pines Beach, along the cliffs. Or I’ll run in the mountains, because the footing is different with every step, and the knees don’t take such a beating.”
These days, instead of marathoning, the 68-year-old Gookin is devoted to the sport of orienteering. Orienteers (as those who orienteer call themselves) use a map to find their way from a start to a finish, progressing through a series of predetermined points or “controls”— a tree, a knoll, a boulder. A problem-solver’s delight, orienteering is also an improviser’s game. There are many possible routes to the goal.
When Gookin heard about orienteering, he imagined staring at a compass and “pacing out distances,” which he’d done in the military and found to be “no fun.” But in 1969, a friend was organizing the first orienteering meet in San Diego — in fact, the first one west of the Rockies— and asked him to participate. “I figured I could get in a run on a cross-country course. Then I was told you could choose your own route! One of the guys went straight ahead, down into the canyon. Another went over to the road and around it I saw that I could follow a trail, and beat them both.”
He was hooked thereafter and helped organize San Diego Orienteering a couple of years later.
“As near as I can determine,” says Gookin, “orienteering began in Sweden in 1927, although the Finns claim they did it first. It’s popular throughout Scandinavia and in lots of other European countries, much more so than in the United States.”
Still, over the last three decades, the sport stateside has grown, especially in New England and in the northwest, “where they have more forests.”
The quality of American orienteering has improved, too. “The maps are much more detailed. Now I can run a course without even using my compass.”
Predictably, the best orienteers are good runners, but they are also thinkers. “I remember when the former world’s record holder for 1500 meters and 3000 meters tried orienteering. On his way to the first control he ran a half-mile past it.”
“Chess at a run” is what Gookin and others call it. Not everyone enjoys thinking and running simultaneously. Gookin recalls that when San Diego Orienteering was new, he optimistically eyed the 2000 members of the San Diego Track Club, which he had also helped found. “I thought, ‘We’ll get all of them [for orienteering). It’ll be great.’ Well, we got two or three.”
The trouble is the “inward focus” of runners, according to Gookin. “The orienteer is relating to his environment and how he feels. The runner tries to blank out how he feels. When I was running, I would say [to running buddies], ‘Oh, look! A wild canary!’” Or he’d urge them to notice flowers in bloom. “And they’d say, ‘Shut up, Gookin, and run.’ They didn’t want to be distracted. You know, the runner’s high has nothing to do with the venue.”
After getting sick on Gatorade during an Olympic trial marathon, Gookin invented a substitute, Gookinaid.
He devised it by analyzing his own sweat to determine what was being lost through dehydration. “I had a degree in biochemistry, so I had the expertise.”
Retired now from biochemistry and from teaching, Gookin says he spends his time marketing close to a quarter of a million dollars’ worth of Gookinaid a year. He also promotes orienteering.
He designed the course for a meet here this Saturday. Beginners are encouraged to participate and will receive instructions. All ages are accommodated.
Gookin’s eight-year-old daughter, Jo Christine, began orienteering at age two-and-a-half.
“For little kids we have ‘stringorienteering.’ They follow a string or tape. Then they start doing courses on paths. But they have to pick the right path and go in the right direction. They graduate from there.”
Even for beginners, getting lost is not inevitable, Gookin maintains. “People who get lost are those who go out on courses they’re not ready for, although they may think they are.”
Maybe they have put too much confidence in the compass. “But you can’t always stay on course with a compass. You’ve got things in the way — canyons and hill and spurs. And you don’t want to go up and down when you can go around.
Sometimes the beginner is lost and doesn’t know it. Same with a backpacker.
“The backpacker — what does he say?” asks Gookin rhetorically. “He stops, pulls out his map. ‘Let’s see. Where am I?’ Where am I? He’s lost — to some degree. As for the orienteer – He’s always saying, ‘This is where I am. I’m here. I’m here. And that is where I am going.’”
The Official Line From Vitalyte.
Forty years ago our founder, Bill Gookin, had a vision. He wanted to provide active people worldwide with a healthy alternative to the high-sugar high-sodium sports drinks that were on the market. Bill being the biochemist he was, put on his lab coat and started analyzing, researching, tinkering and thinking. Finally, he emerged with what would be the world’s first authentic isotonic sports beverage. Our dedicated founder created a formula that was glucose-based and low in sugar and sodium. This new drink was different from any sports drink on the market, and he knew his concept might not be openly accepted because it was different.
However, Bill never really cared much what others thought. What he cared about was helping people and bringing the consumer a useful product. So he went to work spreading the word about his drink called “Gookinaid.” Bill worked tirelessly mixing, packaging and selling his electrolyte formula. The entire family took part, taping up boxes, putting stamps on envelopes, whatever it took to keep the business going. Bill’s garage served as the “Gookinaid Headquarters” until finally, the brand grew large enough to move on. And move on it has! Gookinade became “Vitalyte,” a scientifically formulated sport’s nutrition drink that adheres to Bill’s high standards for peak performance.
Bill based our company on building quality products that help people achieve active lifestyle goals. We have traded in the rickety wooden garage door at the family home in Mira Mesa, CA for a robust metal door that opens to a large warehouse at our corporate location in Escondido, CA. Some say “we are all grown up!” But not really because you see at Vitalyte, we believe that you never stop learning and you are always evolving and improving.
There is no Wikipedia page for Bill Gookin.
Seems a grotesque oversight.
Seems like somebody at Vitalyte is dropping the ball.
Perhaps a sample case of tasty sports drink….
